Kishan Hariyani Assignment and Presentation 2015-'17: 2016

The analysis of English dialect in this period of globalization is fundamental. English dialect is the most imperative dialect of correspondence between various nations. In India, individuals of various states have their own particular dialect. English Language has come us as an associating join among different conditions of India.

The part of English in India is currently directed with new era and English as a globe in entire the world e claim to learn and think. English is an expertise to land a solid position and make due in the universal world. We can't overlook the way that the English dialect has developed as an effective operator for change in India. India is a multilingual nation yet the spread and development of English dialect is presently on the top. Furthermore, in India we see English training is presently growing exceptionally vain way. ELT is the educational programs that give us strategies of this procedure and how in India it is gotten to be form and the thing of learning. At the point when SLA comes in learners of English, that time we need to examine the globalization world and one can't disregard the universe of E-learning. After that it is additionally important to incorporate the term of CALL that now is so vital in part of English that L2.TESOL is the base in which English in India is on the trek to call as Role of English in India is educated fruitful with

Keywords: ELT, SLA, TESOL, Skills, Education, Globalization, E-learning.

English is the dialect that can do individuals to empower to give remain on the planet. In the wake of highlighting certain hypothetical parts of the thought "target of dialect instructing," we examine the practically decided sub classification of dialects into first dialect, second dialect, outside dialect furthermore established dialect. We then concentrate on the destinations of showing English as a moment Language in India. her is a few terms that comes in our approach to talk about.

1. L2: Second Language

2. ELCS: English Language Communication Skills

3. TESOL: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages

4. SLA:Second Language Acquisition

English in India today is an image of individuals' goals for quality in instruction and more full cooperation in national and universal life. The level of presentation of English has now turned into a matter of political reaction to individuals' goals, rendering practically immaterial a scholarly open deliberation on the benefits of an early presentation. The worldwide destinations of dialect instructing can be characterized as helping kids take in a dialect or likewise dialects to perform for an assortment of capacities. These range from the agreeable utilization of dialect for phatic fellowship and a system of open uses to its utilization at the most abnormal amount of "Insight", "Cleansing" and "Self expression". Basic these capacities are two key capacities: helping children learn how to ask questions, the most important intellectual ability man has yet developed, and helping children use this language effectively in different social networks.

Here one can state that the pilgrim time, English was utilized all through Indian by not very many speakers and Hindi was still favoured. Since English was the indication of the pioneer force of England, there was a resistance against its spread and use amid this time. English couldn't be the image of national personality because of its remote and frontier nature. The propensity to supplant English with an Indian dialect was a piece of the nationalistic belief system since the 1920's. Be that as it may, this propensity didn't succeed as a result of the global striking nature of English. An expansive number of instructed individuals communicated in English. While English is viewed as an official dialect close by Hindi these days, numerous Indians don't acknowledge it as the national dialect.

Each of the four aptitudes: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, is made out of a chain of importance of sub abilities what is vital is to recognize the sub-abilities that are to be reinforced and extended during the time spent instructing a first dialect, a moment dialect or outside dialect. In India we classes are likewise dealing with English dialect as it is call as SCOPE class. The goal of educating a dialect or dialects is not just to make the learner the real dialect aptitude however to empower the learners to assume their informative parts viably and to choose dialect as per the parts they are playing. Each social individual is a heap of personae, a heap of parts, and every part having its lines. On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea about your lines, you are no utilization in the play." An all around qualified, vivacious and innovative educator can be a "living" model and go about as the best varying media help.

The utilization of English in India is on the premise of the social needs of individuals. There are four unmistakable elements of English in India: helper, supplementary, integral, and equalise.

♦ Auxiliary function: English, sometimes called a “library language ”, is used primarily for acquiring knowledge rather than communication which leads to the promotion of passive bilinguals.

♦ Supplementary function: English is used for restricted needs such as daily routine conversations with tourists. Mainly used by unstable bilinguals.

♦ Complementary function: English is used along with the mother language in social contexts. This function results in creating stable bilinguals.

♦ Equative function: English is an alternative language in all domains. Am bilinguals are the users of this function.

Really, The English dialect has been confined to coordinate the requirements and encounters of Indian individuals which are called Indianization. English assumes a critical part in the instructive framework and national existence of Indians. Presently a day I can state that amid the post-pilgrim time in India, the substance of showing English has changed. A few schools made understudies talk in English. While in different schools, English was educated just as a subject inside the educational modules. At college and post-graduate level, English was the medium of guideline and examination.

In the ideas of modernization and internationalism were conjured and English turned into the dialect of both modernization and internationalism and by suggestion the Indian dialects got to be connected with' convention' which by definition was thought to be hostile to current and in reverse looking. When this was taken to be valid, the following stride in the contention was to characterize the part and relationship of English opposite the Indian dialects. This need brought forth 'dialect arranging' which was in truth the semantic simple of a specific legislative issues.' Language arranging' worked with an entire arrangement of lexical weaponry that step by step made another mythology. Real Indian dialects get to be in this train,' Regional Languages'- and even Hindi is a territorial dialect which has been concurred the status of an official dialect of the Union and some status.

Presently, I need to examine around few matters and that is we can find in our present existence of English. English, the other authority dialect did not experience the ill effects of this inability. Its real quality is contended to be the way that is can't be related to anybody district and in this way, English is one container Indian' dialect that would advance National Integration, as provincial would. So while the Indian dialects, as local dialects, English a "remote" dialect, advance solidarity and coordination. Centralism has an inborn advance for the learned people when an anxious unitary centralism was the predominant political belief system. To further brace this contention, an entire mythology got developed around the part of English in which the focal allegory is the analogy of the' window'

♦ English is the language of knowledge (science and technology),

♦ English is the language of liberal, modern thinking

♦ English is our window on the world

♦ English is the link language

♦ English is the library language; English is the language of reason

♦ English is the lingua-franca.

Further, we are going to discuss about teaching techniques and its role in India. Teaching, shifting theoretical inputs, wide disparity of practices in different parts of the country, and lack of agreement about the desirable principles and methods are some of major problems that the English teaching has faced all along First, there has been little agreement in attitudes to language –learning, on question such as.

I) Extent and use of language drills.

ii) The use of simplified texts or specifically prepared texts or specially compiled texts.

iii) Amount and range of required reading to be prescribed

iv) Role of grammar in language learning and whether grammar should be at all taught, and lastly.

v) The error-approach the whole philosophy of ‘errors’ and teaching as essentially a re-medical process.

There is also considerable confusion about instructional objectives. Basically it is difficult really to distinguish clearly the differing levels of for the first language and second language, uniformly. That is, the expected levels of attainment in the case of an Indian second language and English as second language cannot be the same.

Again, even for English, one can order the skills in different orders of priority! Should it be ‘listening – reading – speaking – writing or ‘reading – listening – speaking? Even when the efforts have been made to delimit the second language objective, one is not convinced by the recommendation, because the reasoning behind them it is not very clear. Also, sometimes the discrete categories get up are not really discrete language. Consider for example the competence in comprehension. Three levels of competence may be distinguished:

a) Gathering only information about the facts.

b) Developing crucial understanding of the ideas, the learner comes across when he listens or reads.

c) Creative understanding of ideas and values and their creative interpretation.

In the conclusion part I can say that Trough other language the individual level English continues to be ‘the language of opportunity’ and ‘the language of upward social nobility’. The role of English in India is vast and its become growth of the knocking door in the whole world and we can take examples of writers like Chetan Bhagat, Amish Tripathi and many more who make impact on English writing and now it is trend to read big novels too. So that’s a good sigh. But if we talk particularly about English so as we discussed so many things so our attempt to deal with is topic is clear.

Works Cited

http://desaikaushal1315.blogspot.in/2014/10/the-role-of-english-in-india.html

http://www.importantindia.com/2398/essay-on-importance-of-english-language-in-india/

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paper no. 11 - Theme oF Black Skin White Mask

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Theme oF Black Skin White Mask

NAME : HARIYANI KISHAN .R

BATCH: 2015'17

ROLL NO :17

PAPER NO : 11 (POST COLONIAL LITERATURE)

SUBMITTED TO :DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

M.K.BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY

EMAIL ID :kishanhariyani1992@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION:-

"Dark Skin White Masks"1952 composed by "Frantz Fanon". In this novel fanon discussing a great many man whom they have purposely ingrained with dread and a complex of inadequacy.

A solitary line however would be sufficient. All it needs is one straightforward answer and the dark question would lose all significance.

“What does man want?”

“What does the black man want?”

She should state that a Black is not a man .much of the time the dark man con not exploit his plummet into a veritable damnation. Man is not just the potential for reluctance or refutation. On the off chance that is be genuine that awareness is supernatural. What's more, the issue of affection and comprehension. Man is a "yes" resounding structure vast harmonies. Blacks are numerous who are dark at the end of the day attributable to a progression of full of feeling issue they have subsided into a universe.

Just some of you will think about that it was so hard to compose this book.

The dark man needs to be white. The white man is frantically attempting to accomplish the rank of man. This exposition will endeavour to comprehend the Black-White relationship.

The white man is locked in his whiteness.

“The Black Man in his Blackness.”

A few Whites view themselves as better than Blacks.

Some dark need to demonstrate no matter what to the whites the abundance of the dark man's mind and equivalent insight.

Ex-Black or White it's not a conceived by individuals it is an attitude by a general public to a White people awesome and astuteness.

As agonizing as it is for us to need to state this three is however one predetermination for the dark man and it is white. In any case, the investigation we are attempted is mental to feel that way.

Blackman is not an individual question at is a mental and sociogery. Blackman must wage the battle on two levels society does not escape human-impact and man is the thing that brings society into being. Likewise truly these levels are commonly reliant. In this levels see to a protest and subject in the public eye.

This book is a clinical study. Those it will I accept have made a stage in the right bearing. What's more, this issues additionally all human being in a general public. In this thought additionally a present dependably the fabricated future. What's more, this future is not that of the universe, but rather every much the eventual fate of my century, my nation and my reality.

The initial three sections manage the dark man in advanced times. She takes the contemporary dark man and his states of mind in white words. So perished a few parts.

The black man and Language:-

Clench hand to believe that dialect it's generally feeble. The black man gang's two measurements. One with his kindred blacks the other with the whites. A black man carries on distinctively with a white man than he does with another black man additionally an inept to a reality yet it not only for a man likewise a white man. These are target actualities that state reality. It is not to a circumstance and comprehended to the occupation done. Furthermore weak to a made progress and it is a barren to a dialect. Be that as it may, the takes after the more the dark the French dialect and white likewise he gets the shading turn into a genuine person.

Why constantly black man legitimize his position in connection to dialect. Dialect turn into a divine being so why just dark man endured to the life. In all plays them same suchivtion there is a capital so the issue is the same. How heavenly are the plane trees thus numerous different things that individuals with nothing to do get a kick out of the chance to ramble about?

“To speak like a book”

“To speak like a white man”

The black man entering France reads a giants the myth of the martini can who swallows his he all work on it end enter into open conflict with it. There is a psychological phenomenon that consists in believing the world will open up as borders are broken down. They meet and talk. And the new returnee is quickly given the floor because they are waiting for him. The wearing of European clothes whether is often native.

The woman of French floor and stated to a

“The power of Language”

And even if Monsieur Breton were telling that truth I don’t see where the paradox ides. I don’t see why there should be any emphasis because after all time creasier is Martingale.

French would represent recourse to t language as a second language they have learned.

Black will retort we should be honoured that a white man such as Breton writes such things about us.

The Woman Color and The White Man:-

Man is a development of adoration an endowment of self, the last phase of what is regularly called moral introduction. Each awareness is by all accounts ready to show proof of these two components at the same time or then again. In comprehension wonders of this request the expert and the phenomenologist have an intense employment and men have a genuine romance, genuine love.

In this section gave to the relationship between the lady of shading and the European male. We should endeavour to decide to what degree valid love stay unthinkable the length of this sentiment inadequacy or this Adler magnification.

"I would have gotten a kick out of the chance to wed however with a white man. Just, a shaded according to an each privilege to be concerned." This with the exception of that it could be said brings to be cornered. This expects the being. One day lady by the name of Mayotte capelin complying with an inspiration whose reasons are hard to handle sat down and composed 202 pages on her life in which the most absurd.

Mayotte cherishes a white man unequivocally. He is her grease. She requests nothing, do minds nothing with the exception of a little whiteness in her life. And after that she asks herself whether he is great looking or monstrous. She scholars "All know is that he had blue eyes, fair hair, a pale appearance and I cherished him." And dark man has a dread and blue eyes.

The Man of Color and The White Woman:-

A White woman like a White man. She like white man she says she loved like a white man because she was a white man. Her love opens the illustrious path that leads to total fulfilment. White civilization and worthiness become mine. Thirty years ago a black man of the darkest of hues in full coitus with a vivacious blonde exclaimed “Long live schoelcher”

“We shall endeavour to understand the case of the black man” study in depth the attitude of the black man. This is the crux of the matter. “He does not understand his race.” And “Negro from their colonies but also haven’t clue about the black man they have shaped in their image. Incapable of integrating incapable of going unnoticed he starts conversing with the dead or at least the absent.

“What a least the absent derma. My old pal venue is real charter. He never takes his-nose out of his books expect to scribble.

“Negro we would like a lot of white boys to be like.” Negro adopted Mather land and they also a shame to a white man and in this way we also come fist and an adopted a language and an whiteness it’s not over it a related a birth it is not think that to a over mind set by society and become far and they think that become a good and upper of society.

He needs a white man then she cooled a brother they don’t become black man. An attitude of recrimination toward the past a lack of self-esteem and the impossibility of making himself understood Listen to Jean who can describe the desperation of the little hothouse kind.

In the end of the chapter see a woman understand not only colour but also other quilts see the man. Black man not only a different to the black white.

Conclusion:-

Fanon display in black skin white mask to a color and they power to a their skin but it just a mask but over mind set that the white man is a civilization and they greet not to other and also a essay see to the “Black Skin White Masks.” also in which analyzes the black psyche in the midst of white dominated culture .The book is half manifesto for overcoming racial expression and half psychological analysis as Fanon presents from his personal experience ,Black psychology, Black progressive since civil rights, problems for black in education etc.but this is not in limited in 21^st century also black and white people suffering from superior and inferior complex .in America and struggle with them between native American and settler .

Reference :

1 https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1685117.html

2.http://joshitoral06201112.blogspot.in/2011/11/black-skin-white-mask.html

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Paper no 10:- Major Theme in The Old Man and The Sea

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Major Theme in The Old Man and The Sea

Hariyani Kishan Kumar .R

Paper no 10

M.A. Sem:3

2015'17

Submitted To :M.K.Bhavanagar University

Preface:-

The plot of "The old man and the sea" is evidently basic yet entirely planned. Most Critics concur that the topic of this book is man's ability to withstand and rise above hardship of time and condition. The thought is passed on through Santiago's undertakings with the Marlin and with the sharks. Hemingway delineates in fortuitous detail basic long term hardships to which Santiago is subjected. His bold reaction is summoning both physical vitality and inventive vision to counter the powers testing him. The significant subjects of "The old man and the sea" are as under.

The undefeated:-

Santiago concentrates on this solidarity and considers himself to be a piece of nature than as an outer rival contending with it. He can't be vanquished by whatever hardships be full him. "The old man and the sea" has practically an indistinguishable topic from "the undefeated" the story is composed a quarter century prior. The old angler who has not made a catch for eighty-four days is in an indistinguishable human circumstance from the maturing matador of that story. This novella gives another definition and intending to Hemingway function in general. It gives the reader a quicker familiarity with the way that Hemingway views moral stamina as the most vital esteem in life.

Love:-

Santiago comes to feel his most profound love for the animal that he himself chases and murders. He feels the desire to vanquish this extraordinary fish not just for his physical need however much more for his wet blanket and his calling. The colossal marlin is not at all like the other fish which the old man gets. The marlin is an otherworldly more than a physical need. The marlin is as well, a commendable foe for the old man. Amid his extreme test Santiago comes to pity and afterward to regard and to love the marlin. At last he feels that there can be no triumph for either in the equivalent battle between them. The conditions which united them have made them one. Furthermore, however he executes the immense fish the old man has come to love it as his equivalent and his sibling. This topic gives the basic structure inside which the old man's Heroic independence and his affection for his kindred animals show up and capacity and which gives them their definitive essentialness.

Feeling of guilt:-

Throughout the story Santiago is given heroic proportions. He fights the great fish with epic skill and experience. “A man can be destroyed, but not defeated”, he says in the course of his fight with the sharks. But beyond Santiago’s heroic individualism and beyond the love and brotherliness which he comes to feel for the marlin. There is a further dimension to the old man’s experience. In killing the great marlin and in losing it to the sharks, the old man realizes the sin into which men full in going far out beyond their depth or beyond their true place in life. In the first night of his struggle with the marlin, the old man begins to feel loneliness and a sense almost of guilt for the way in which he has caught it. After killing the marlin he feels no pride of accomplishment, no sense of victory.

Solidarity and interdependence:-

Human solidarity and relationship consequently constitute a prevailing topic of this novel. The subject, it is to be noted is fortified by the utilization of a couple of images of whom the most imperative are baseball and the lions. The baseball champion, DiMaggio, is a steady wellspring of motivation to the old man. The possibility of the African lions is, in like manner, a wellspring of quality to him. Another image fortifying the topic is that of the execution. There is the picture of the torturous killing. Which is conspicuously utilized towards the end of the story, joins Santiago with Christ? Every one of these images infers solidarity and association not separation or estrangement.

Heroism:-

Triumph over squashing difficulty is the heart of heroism. With the worry of Santiago the angler to be a chivalrous insignia for mankind, his tribulations must be prevailing. Triumph however is never last, as Santiago's fruitful killing of the marlin appears. There would be no motivation to incorporate the last 30 pays of the book. Hemingway vision of courage is Sisyphean, requiring constant work for quintessentially transient closures. What the legend does is to face misfortune with pride and effortlessness, henceforth Heming way's Neozoic accentuation on restraint and alternate features of his concept of masculinity. What we accomplish or come up short at remotely is not as noteworthy to heroism as the comporting ourselves with internal respectability. As Santiago says, "Man is not made for thrashing a man can be decimated however not vanquished".

Manhood:

Heming path's optimal of masculinity is about in distinct from the perfect of chivalry examined previously. To take care of business is to carry on with respect and poise and to take care of business is to torment, to acknowledge one's obligation without grievance, and above all to show a most extreme of discretion. The representation of gentility, the ocean is described explicitly by its whim and absence of poise. On the off chance that she did wild or evil things it was on the grounds that she couldn't help them. The representation of manliness, the marlin is portrayed as extraordinary, excellent, quiet, and honourable. Santiago steels him against his agony by letting himself know.

Suffer like a man, or a fish

In Hemingway’s ethical universe, Santiago shows us not only how to live life heroically but in a way befitting a man.

His Christian virtues:-

There is something of the Christian saint about Santiago. He has achieved the most difficult and saintly

of all Christian virtues, that is humility. It is humility so absolute that is involves” no loss of true pride.” There is even in him a suggestion of Saint Francis, in his attitude to animal life, and especially to birds. Moreover at various moments in the story Santiago affirms the major Christian virtues like faith, hope and charity. In the very first dialogue between Santiago and the boy marlin we learn that the boy’s father has not much, faith, Santiago and mandolin have it:

“He hasn’t much faith.”

“No,” the old man said. “But we have. Haven’t we?”

“Yes”, the boy said.

Towards the close of the novel, the old man tells himself:

“It is silly not to hope. Besides it is a sin.”

As for charity we see it clearly in his generous love of men and animals.

Pride:-

Hemingway’s treatment of pride in a novella is ambivalent. A heroic man like Santiago should have pride in his actions, and as Santiago shows us.” Humility was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride.” It is apparently Santiago’s pride which presses him to travel dangerously far out into the sea,” beyond all people in the world,” to catch the marlin. While he loved the marlin and called him brother, Santiago admits to killing it for pride, his blood stirred by battle with such a noble and worthy antagonist. Some have interpreted the loss of the marlin as the price Santiago had to pay for his pride in travelling out so far in search of such a catch. Contrarily, one could argue that this pride was beneficial as it allowed Santiago an edifying challenge worthy of his heroism. In the end, Hemingway suggests that pride in a job well done, even if pride drew one unnecessarily into the situation, is a positive trait.

Success:-

The novel is to be sure wonderful for its weight on what man can "do" and on the world as a field where courageous deeds are conceivable. In this universe everybody has a part to assume and Santiago's part is to seek after the considerable marlin: "that which I was conceived for", he reflects. To be a saint intends to set out more than other man. To be a saint intends to open oneself to more serious threats and in this manner all the more extraordinarily to chance the conceivable outcomes of annihilation and profundity. Santiago satisfies this trial of chivalry about such a man it is crazy to state that things are done to him and that he does pretty much nothing. On the eighty-fifth day Santiago pushes a long ways past the standard angling region. That is itself accomplishing something significant. Since he goes out too far in the ocean, he gets the considerable fish. The fish is so intense it hauls his boat much more remote so far that he can't get back so as to keep the marlin being eaten up by the sharks. The enormity of the experience and the unavoidable nature gives people boundless open doors for the colossal experience. The experience conveys with it an overwhelming heartbreaking cost. Santiago's accomplishment drums up some excitement among the anglers in his town. The visitors of the story confuse the marlin for a shark however they too are struck by a feeling of the exceptional.

Conclusion:

There are many themes in this novella but the main theme is heroism. We can see some heroic deeds which are done by the character Santiago fight with nature and the last sentence “ A man can be destroyed but not defeated”. In this way nature also performed their role and man performed his role in man v/s nature very deep and philosophical meaning consist in this novel .

Reference :

http://dabhiashvin111011.blogspot.in/2011/11/assignment-paper13-c-303-topic-major.html.

2.http://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-old-man-and-the-sea/themes